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Chinquapin Care Guide Chinkapins, also spelled "chiquapins" and sometimes called dwarf or bush chestnuts are shrubs and small trees commonly found through the easter, southern, and south-eastern United States. The plants usually bear one nut per bur and have burs (involucres) that open into two halves, such as a clam shell. The Allegheny chinquapin, also called the American, common, or tree chinquapin, may well be our most mistreated and misrepresented native North American nut tree. It has been widely hailed as a sweet and edible nut; wood source for fuel, charcoal, fence post, and railroad ties; coffee and chocolate substitutes; for wildlife (birds and mammals); dwarfing rootstock for other Castanea spp.; and a blight-resistant taxon for hybridizing with other chestnut species; in addition, the root has been used as an astringent, a tonic, and to treat fevers. Castanea pumila var. pumila is a large, spreading, smooth-barked, multistemmed shrub that is 2 to 4 m tall. Occasionally, there is but a single stem and the plant may reach 5 to 8 m. Large trees are sometimes found especially where humans have intervened and removed competing trees. The Allegheny chinquapin is found in dry sandy woods and thickets from southern New Jersey and Pennsylvaia, west to Indiana and Missouri, and south to Florida and Texas. It is usually ready for harvest in early September. Harvest must be prompt to gather nuts before wildlife (birds and small mammals) remove the entire crop. Chinquapins are quite susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamont root rot so it is best to grow in well drained soil. From present indications this tree will be well worthy of cultivation as an ornamental shade tree or bush. Even if we leave out of the account its rapid growth, productiveness, and delicious little nuts, which will be very acceptable for home use, if not possessing any great commercial value.
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